This project, funded by NIWR and USGS, evaluates whether various environmental buffers used in potable water reuse remove or introduce a variety of conventional and emerging contaminants.  Wetlands, river, lake, groundwater storage and riverbank filtration are studied.  The contaminants evaluated include pharmaceuticals of various environmental fate, microbial contaminants and antibiotic resistance genes, contaminants indicative of urban atmospheric deposition, farm and road runoff, as well as a range of conventional water quality parameters.