{"id":407,"date":"2024-08-01T22:33:57","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T02:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/?page_id=407"},"modified":"2026-02-26T14:36:27","modified_gmt":"2026-02-26T19:36:27","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/publications\/","title":{"rendered":"PUBLICATIONS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=hNoVRHIAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=hNoVRHIAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">GOOGLE SCHOLAR PROFILE<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>JOURNAL ARTICLES<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ce6a825a55a6c087b7c1090c2eda8f9b\">\n<li>A. Paul, A. Volk, <strong>M. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, E. Rigo, K. Sarveswaran, V. Kurz, L.&nbsp; Almonte-Garcia, H. Kermani, P. Vaity, G. Timp, &#8221; Modular Assembly of Metamaterials Using Light Gradients&#8221;, Accepted , <strong>Adv. Mater.<\/strong>, June 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, A. Schumer, D. N. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan, \u201cNon-Hermitian Ring Laser Gyroscopes with Enhanced Sagnac Sensitivities\u201d <strong><em>Nature<\/em><\/strong> 576,&nbsp;70\u201374 (2019).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, N. S. Nye, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan, \u201cSupersymmetric Laser Arrays,\u201d , <strong><em>Science<\/em><\/strong> 363, 623\u2013626, (2019).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E. Rigo, Z. Dong, J. H. Park, E. Kennedy, <strong>M. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, L. Almonte-Garcia, L. Ding, N. Aluru and G. Timp, \u201cMeasurements of the Size and Correlations between Ions using an Electrolytic Point Contact\u201d,<strong> <em>Nat. Commun. <\/em><\/strong>10, 2382 (2019).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>W. E. Hayenga, M. Parto, J. Ren, F. O. Wu, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, C. Wolff, R. El-ganainy, N. A. Motensen, D. N. Christodoulides, M. Khjavikhan, \u201cDirect Generation of Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum Beams in Microring Lasers with Broadband Exceptional Points\u201d <strong>ACS Photonics<\/strong>, 6, 8 1895-1901 (2019).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J. Ren, Y. GN Liu, M. Parto, W. E. Hayenga, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, D. N. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan. &#8220;Unidirectional light emission in PT-symmetric microring lasers.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Optics Express<\/em>&nbsp;26, 27153-27160, (2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E. Kennedy<sup>*<\/sup>, <strong>M. Hokmabadi<sup>*<\/sup><\/strong>, Z. Dong, M. Kim, E. M. Nelson, and G. Timp, \u201cMethod for Dynamically Detecting Secretions from Single Cells Using a Nanopore.&#8221;&nbsp;<strong><em>Nano Lett.<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;18, 4263-4272, 2018. *<strong><em><u>Contributed Equally<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/author\/Dong%2C+Zhuxin\">Z. Dong<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/author\/Kennedy%2C+Eamonn\">E. Kennedy<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/author\/Hokmabadi%2C+Mohammad\"><strong>M. Hokmabadi<\/strong><\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/author\/Timp%2C+Gregory\">G. Timp<\/a>, &#8220;Discriminating residue substitutions in a single protein molecule using a sub-nanopore&#8221;, <strong>ACS Nano<\/strong> 11, 5440\u20135452, 2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E. Kennedy, et al. &#8220;Gene Expression in Electron-Beam-Irradiated Bacteria in Reply to \u201cLive Cell Electron Microscopy Is Probably Impossible\u201d.&#8221;&nbsp;<strong>ACS nano<\/strong>&nbsp;11 3-7, 2017. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS <em>&#8220;This work was supported by an SBIR Phase II, 5R44EB008589- 04 award from the NIH, the Walther Cancer Foundation, and the Keough\u2212Hesburgh professorship. We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Dr. <strong>Mohammad Hokmabadi<\/strong> in the viability tests. Dr. Damiano is the chief technology officer and a cofounder of Protochips.&#8221;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>,&nbsp;A. Tareki,&nbsp;E. Rivera,&nbsp;P. Kung,&nbsp;R. G. Lindquist, and&nbsp;S. M. Kim, &#8220;Investigation of tunable terahertz metamaterial perfect absorber with anisotropic dielectric liquid crystal.&#8221;, <strong>AIP Advances <\/strong>7, 015102, 2017.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J. H. Kim, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, S. Balci, E. Rivera, D. S. Wilbert P. Kung, and S. M .Kim, &#8220;Investigation of Robust Flexible Conformal THz Perfect Metamaterial Absorber.&#8221; <strong>Appl. Phys. A.<\/strong> 122:362, 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi,<\/strong> E. Philip, E. Rivera, P. Kung, and S. M .Kim, &#8220;Plasmon-Induced Transparency by Hybridizing Concentric-Twisted Double Split Ring Resonators.&#8221; <strong>Nature, Scientific Reports<\/strong> 5, 15735, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>J. H. Kim, E. Rivera, P. Kung,S. M .Kim, &#8220;Impact of Substrate and Bright Resonances on Group Velocity in Metamaterial without Dark Resonator.&#8221;<strong> Nature, Scientific Reports<\/strong> 5, 14373, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi,<\/strong> M. Zhu, S. M .Kim, P. Kung, &#8220;Comprehensive study of terahertz metamaterial absorber by applying a hybrid approach on its circuit analogue.&#8221;&nbsp;<strong>Optical Materials Express<\/strong>&nbsp;5, 8, 1772-1783, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D. S. Wilbert, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>P. Kung, S. M. Kim, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=bLTJBzMAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=bLTJBzMAAAAJ:YsMSGLbcyi4C\">Spectroscopic Characteristics of Three Dimensional Split-Ring Resonator Arrays at Terahertz Frequencies<\/a>.&#8221; <strong>Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology<\/strong> 15, 3, 2289-2293, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, D. S. Wilbert,P. Kung, S. M. Kim, &#8220;Polarization-Dependent, Frequency-Selective THz Stereometamaterial Perfect Absorber.&#8221; <strong>Physical Review Applied<\/strong>&nbsp;1, 4, 044003, 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D.S. Wilbert,<strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, P. Kung, S. M. Kim, &#8220;Equivalent-Circuit Interpretation of the Polarization Insensitive Performance of THz Metamaterial Absorbers.&#8221;<strong>, IEEE Transactions on<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Terahertz Science and Technology<\/strong>&nbsp;3, 6, 846-850, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, D. S. Wilbert, P. Kung, S. M. Kim,&#8221;Design and analysis of perfect terahertz metamaterial absorber by a novel dynamic circuit model.&#8221;&nbsp;<strong>Optics Express<\/strong>&nbsp;21, 14, 16455-16465, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, David S. Wilbert, Patrick Kung, S. M. Kim, &#8220;Terahertz metamaterial absorbers.&#8221;<strong>Terahertz Science and Technology<\/strong> 6, 1, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi <\/strong>and A. Rostami, \u201cNovel TMM for analyzing evanescent waves and optimized subwavelength imaging in a multilayer structure.<em>\u201d<\/em><strong>International Journal for Light and Electron Optics (Optik)<\/strong> 123, 2, 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ali Rostami and <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi,<\/strong> \u201cMain and third harmonic Goos-Hanchen shift analysis at the interface between LHM and RHM.\u201d <strong>Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials &#8211; Rapid Communications (OAM-RC) <\/strong>5, 4, 2011.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AND PRESENTATIONS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7bb5999d07896e46ba965a7e97fc72cf\">\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>A. Schumer , D. N. Christodoulides, M. Khajavikhan, \u201cEnhanced Sagnac Sensitivity Near Exceptional Points in Ring Laser Gyroscopes\u201d, upcoming Optical Sensing and Precision Metrology, OE305, SPIE P.W., San Francisco 2025 <strong><em>(invited)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A. Paul, A. Volk, <strong>M. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, E. Rigo, H. Kermani, L. A. Garcia, T. Finamore, K. Iwamoto, R. Roeder, G. Timp, \u201cModular Assembly of Metamaterial Using Light Gradient Force in Standing Wave Optical Trap\u201d, APS March Meeting 2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A. Paul, A. Volk, <strong>M. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, E. Rigo, K. Sarveswaran, V. Kurz, L.&nbsp; Almonte-Garcia, H. Kermani, P. Vaity, G. Timp, &#8220;Assembling metamaterials using light gradient forces in a standing wave optical trap &#8220;, In Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XX (p. PC1264917) SPIE 2023<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. Kanskar, Z. Chen, T. Prunty, E. Martin, L. Bao, M. DeFranza, <strong>M. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, N. Biekert, and S. Zhang, \u201cHigh efficiency low SWaP 793-nm diode lasers for pumping Tm fiber amplifiers\u201d In Laser Technology for Defense and Security XVIII (p. PC1251502) SPIE 2023<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, A. Schumer, D. N. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan, \u201cNon-Hermitian Ring Laser Gyroscopes with and Enhanced Sagnac Sensitivity<em>\u201d <\/em><strong><em>SPIE<\/em><\/strong><em> OPTO, San Francisco, 2020<strong> (Invited)<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. Khajavikhan, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, J. H. Choi. D. Christodoulides, \u201cTopological and Supersymmetric laser arrays\u201d, <strong><em>SPIE<\/em><\/strong><em> OPTO<\/em>, San Francisco, 2020. <strong><em>(Invited)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M. Khajavikhan, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, N. S. Nye, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, \u201cSupersymmetric Optics and Photonics\u201d , <em>SPIE OPTO<\/em>, San Francisco 2019.<strong> <em>(Invited)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, N. S. Nye, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan, \u201cSupersymmetric Laser Arrays,\u201d , <strong><em>CLEO<\/em><\/strong> San Jose 2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, W. Hayenga, J. Ren, E. S. Cristobal, S. Faryadras, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan. &#8220;Experimental Realization of Supersymmetric Laser.&#8221; In&nbsp;<em>2018 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM)<\/em>, pp. 65-66. <strong>IEEE<\/strong>, 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E. S. Cristobal, W. E. Hayenga, J. H. Garcia-Gracia, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, P. LiKamWa, and M. Khajavikhan. &#8220;Electrically Pumped Metallic Coaxial Nanolasers.&#8221; In&nbsp;<strong><em>CLEO<\/em><\/strong><em>: Science and Innovations<\/em>, pp. SW4Q-5. Optical Society of America, 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J. Ren, M. Parto, S. Wittek, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, D. N. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan. &#8220;Unidirectional Light Generation in PT-symmetric Microring Lasers.&#8221; In&nbsp;<em>CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science<\/em>, pp. FM4E-3. Optical Society of America, 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, S. Faryadras, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan. &#8220;Single Mode Supersymmetric Laser Array.&#8221; In&nbsp;<strong><em>CLEO<\/em><\/strong><em>: QELS_Fundamental Science<\/em>, pp. FM4E-7. Optical Society of America, 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J. Ren, G. Harari, A. U. Hassan, W. Chow, M. Soltani, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, D. Christodoulides, and M. Khajavikhan. &#8220;PT-Symmetric Microring Laser Gyroscope.&#8221; In&nbsp;<strong><em>CLEO<\/em><\/strong><em>: QELS_Fundamental Science<\/em>, pp. FM4E-5. Optical Society of America, 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P.&nbsp; Hokmabadi<\/strong>, A. M. Tareki, E. Rivera, P. Kung, R. Lindquist, and S. M. Kim, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=bLTJBzMAAAAJ&amp;btnA=1&amp;authorid=10840469834638449548&amp;citation_for_view=bLTJBzMAAAAJ:M3ejUd6NZC8C\">Liquid Crystal Frequency Tunable Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber<\/a>.&#8221;, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (<strong>CLEO<\/strong>) San Jose, 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, E. Philip, J. H. Kim, E. Rivera, P. Kung, and S. M. Kim, &#8220;Slow Light by Hybridized Double Split Ring Resonators&#8221;, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) San Jose, 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, S. Balci, J. H. Kim, E. Philip, E. Rivera, M. Zhu, P. Kung, S. M Kim, &#8221; <a href=\"http:\/\/proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org\/proceeding.aspx?articleid=2520155\">Terahertz metamaterials: Design, implementation, modeling and applications<\/a>.&#8221;, (<strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>), SPIE Commercial+ Scientific Sensing and Imaging, Baltimore, 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, E. Philip, E. Rivera, P. Kung, and S. M Kim, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=en&amp;user=bLTJBzMAAAAJ&amp;citation_for_view=bLTJBzMAAAAJ:QIV2ME_5wuYC\">Slowing terahertz wave using thin flexible metamaterials<\/a>,&#8221; Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves IRMMW-THz Denmark, 2016.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>E. Rivera, J. H. Kim, E. Philip, P. Kung, S. M. Kim, &#8220;Slow Light by Hybridized Concentric-Twisted Double Split Ring Resonators and THz Application.&#8221;, IRMMW-THz Hong Kong, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J. H. Kim, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>S. Balci, E. Rivera, P. Kung, andS. M. Kim, &#8220;Investigation of Robust Flexible Conformal THz Perfect Metamaterial Absorber.&#8221; Meta&#8217;15, Newyork, 2015. (<strong>Awarded<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>M. Zhu, P. Kung, andS. M. Kim, &#8220;Polarization Independent THz Metamaterial Absorber and its Electric Circuit Analogous.&#8221; Meta\u201915, Newyork, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>P. Kung, and S. M. Kim, &#8220;Polarization controllable THz stereometamaterial Absorber.&#8221; Meta&#8217;15, Newyork, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M<strong>. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>P. Kung, and S. M. Kim, &#8220;Hybridized Concentric-Twisted DSRRs Leading to Plasmon Induced Transparency,&#8221; Meta&#8217;15, Newyork, 2015.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, M. S. Heimbeck, D. S. Wilbert, P Kung, H. O. Everitt, and S. M. Kim, &#8220;Polarization Controllable THz stereometamaterial absorber.&#8221; Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves IRMMW-THz Tucson, Arizona, 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, D. S Wilbert, P. Kung, S. M. Kim, &#8221; <a href=\"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpls\/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6665471\">Analysis of terahertz metamaterial perfect absorber by using a novel qausi-static RLC circuit model<\/a>.&#8221;, Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves IRMMW-THz Mainz, Germany, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong>, David S. Wilbert; Patrick Kung; and <a href=\"http:\/\/spie.org\/app\/profiles\/viewer.aspx?profile=XOPENK\">S. M. Kim<\/a> &#8220;Theoretical and experimental investigation of hybrid broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber&#8221;, SPIE Proceedings Vol. 8632, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>David S. Wilbert,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/spie.org\/app\/profiles\/viewer.aspx?profile=EXTTQW\"><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong><\/a>, Joshua Martinez, Patrick Kung,&nbsp;and <a href=\"http:\/\/spie.org\/app\/profiles\/viewer.aspx?profile=XOPENK\">S. M. Kim<\/a>, &#8220;Terahertz metamaterials perfect absorbers for sensing and imaging&#8221;, SPIE Proceedings Vol. 8585, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"searchAuthor('Kim,%20S')\">S. M. Kim<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"searchAuthor('Wilbert,%20D')\">David S. Wilbert<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"searchAuthor('Hokmabadi,%20M')\"><strong>M. P. Hokmabadi<\/strong><\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"searchAuthor('Kung,%20P')\">Patrick Kung<\/a>, &#8220;Highly efficient, polarization insensitive terahertz metamaterial perfect absorber and imaging&#8221;, Laser and Tera-Hertz Science and Technology, THz Metamaterials I (SF2B), ISBN 978-1-55752-960-2, 2012.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>BOOK CHAPTERS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"19\" class=\"wp-block-list has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7ce88ef6f0e22d11a45fe8ed5d22aa92\">\n<li>Seongsin M. Kim, <strong>M. P. Hokmabadi, <\/strong>&#8220;Terahertz spectroscopy of biological molecules&#8221; In &#8220;Terahertz Biomedical Science and Technology&#8221;, J. H. Son ed. <strong>CRC press<\/strong> 2014.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GOOGLE SCHOLAR PROFILE JOURNAL ARTICLES CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS AND PRESENTATIONS BOOK CHAPTERS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":321,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-407","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/321"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=407"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":905,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/407\/revisions\/905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/mparvinn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}