{"id":811,"date":"2026-03-02T11:29:55","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T16:29:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/?page_id=811"},"modified":"2026-03-02T11:54:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T16:54:29","slug":"bioelectronic-medicine-neural-activity-dependent-myelination-by-electrical-optogenetic-and-magnetic-stimulation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/research\/bioelectronic-medicine-neural-activity-dependent-myelination-by-electrical-optogenetic-and-magnetic-stimulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Bioelectronic Medicine: Neural-Activity Dependent myelination by Electrical, Optogenetic, and Magnetic Stimulation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Demyelination is a disease status of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. Stimulation has been proven to result in &#8220;Activity-Based Recovery&#8221;; a method of myelin regeneration by electrical, magnetic, and optogenetic means. Using an <em>in-vitro&nbsp;<\/em>model paired with a microfluidic device, different methods of stimulation were tested to show neural regeneration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In Vitro Model of Electrical Stimulation for Myelination:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Electrical stimulation at the stoma, axons, or both will all result in myelin regeneration. However, axon stimulation seems to be the most effective.<strong><br> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized wp-image-200\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-12.27.46-PM-300x167.png\" alt=\"Oligodendrocytes\" class=\"wp-image-200\" style=\"width:300px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-12.27.46-PM-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-12.27.46-PM-1024x568.png 1024w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-12.27.46-PM-768x426.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-12.27.46-PM.png 1144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Oligodendrocytes, the cells that produce the myelin sheath, were observed to measure levels of maturation in the In Vitro model.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.21.01-PM-300x150.png\" alt=\"electron microscope image of cross section of myelinated axon\" class=\"wp-image-202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.21.01-PM-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.21.01-PM-1024x513.png 1024w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.21.01-PM-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.21.01-PM-1536x769.png 1536w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.21.01-PM.png 1630w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.22.59-PM-300x298.png\" alt=\"myelin segments\" class=\"wp-image-205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.22.59-PM-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.22.59-PM-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.22.59-PM.png 744w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"661\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.28.52-PM-1024x661.png\" alt=\"Electrical stimulation at the stoma, axons, or both will all result in myelin regeneration\" class=\"wp-image-210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.28.52-PM-1024x661.png 1024w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.28.52-PM-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.28.52-PM-768x495.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.28.52-PM-1536x991.png 1536w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.28.52-PM.png 1606w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Electrical stimulation at the stoma, axons, or both will all result in myelin regeneration. However, axon stimulation seems to be the most effective. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Optogenetic Stimulation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Optogenetic stimulation uses light to stimulate neurons. Similar to electrical stimulation, this method is used to stimulate oligodendrocytes, thus regenerating the myelin sheath. This method is used as a less invasive technique for neural regeneration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium wp-image-218\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.45.41-PM-300x203.png\" alt=\"carbon black PDMS\" class=\"wp-image-218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.45.41-PM-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.45.41-PM-1024x691.png 1024w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.45.41-PM-768x518.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.45.41-PM-1536x1037.png 1536w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.45.41-PM.png 1594w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Carbon Black PDMS was sued to create a lightproof micro-fluidic device.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"184\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.47.28-PM-300x184.png\" alt=\"LED Optogenetic\" class=\"wp-image-219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.47.28-PM-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.47.28-PM-1024x626.png 1024w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.47.28-PM-768x470.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.47.28-PM-1536x940.png 1536w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.47.28-PM.png 1628w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/LED-optogenetic.mov\">LED optogenetic <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Magnetic Stimulation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive stimulation method for myelin regeneration. Also known as TMS, magnetic stimulation has been shown to stimulate neurons, and is currently being used as a therapy method for mental health disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.55.44-PM-300x202.png\" alt=\"TMS\" class=\"wp-image-220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.55.44-PM-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.55.44-PM-1024x690.png 1024w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.55.44-PM-768x518.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.55.44-PM-1536x1035.png 1536w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.55.44-PM.png 1748w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most TMS devices are very large and require incredible power in order to function, the purpose of this research is to create a handheld device that can be used as a magnetic stimulator, using a biometric low-intensity magnetic field for tissue activation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"90\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.59.53-PM-300x90.png\" alt=\"TMS device\" class=\"wp-image-221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.59.53-PM-300x90.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.59.53-PM-1024x308.png 1024w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.59.53-PM-768x231.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-1.59.53-PM.png 1112w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"179\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.01.21-PM-300x179.png\" alt=\"image2\" class=\"wp-image-222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.01.21-PM-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.01.21-PM-1024x611.png 1024w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.01.21-PM-768x458.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.01.21-PM-1536x917.png 1536w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.01.21-PM.png 1786w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">The next phase of this project is to create a flexible device that could be directly implanted (<em>in vivo<\/em>) onto a nerve to have more accuracy and better results for neural stimulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.13-PM-300x173.png\" alt=\"flexible device\" class=\"wp-image-223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.13-PM-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.13-PM-768x442.png 768w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.13-PM.png 810w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.22-PM-300x273.png\" alt=\"image1\" class=\"wp-image-224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.22-PM-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.22-PM.png 542w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"273\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.35-PM-273x300.png\" alt=\"main sciatic nerve\" class=\"wp-image-226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.35-PM-273x300.png 273w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.35-PM.png 536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 273px) 100vw, 273px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.29-PM-300x283.png\" alt=\"common peroneal nerve\" class=\"wp-image-225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.29-PM-300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/files\/2021\/09\/Screen-Shot-2021-09-12-at-2.05.29-PM.png 606w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Demyelination is a disease status of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. Stimulation has been proven to result in &#8220;Activity-Based Recovery&#8221;; a method of myelin regeneration by electrical, magnetic, and optogenetic means. Using an &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/research\/bioelectronic-medicine-neural-activity-dependent-myelination-by-electrical-optogenetic-and-magnetic-stimulation\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"parent":169,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-811","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PaHwBx-d5","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=811"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":824,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/811\/revisions\/824"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/coefs.charlotte.edu\/iyang3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}